Network switch is a hardware device used to connect multiple devices, such as computers, printers, and servers, within a local area network (LAN). It operates at the data link layer (Layer 2) or network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model, enabling efficient communication by forwarding data packets to the specific devices they are intended for, rather than broadcasting to all devices in the network. Switches can be unmanaged, offering basic connectivity without configuration, or managed, providing advanced features like VLAN support, Quality of Service (QoS), and remote management. Essential for building scalable and efficient networks, network switches enhance performance, reduce network congestion, and ensure seamless data transmission